Cubism Is Great :: essays research papers fc

Cubist TheoryCubism began as an intellectual revolt against the artistic expression of previous eras. Among the specific factors abandoned by the cubists were the sensual appeal of blushing mushroom texture and color, subject matter with emotional charge or mood, the p identify of light on form, movement, atmosphere, and the illusionism that proceeded from scientifically based perspective. To replace these they employed an analytic dodge in which the three-dimensional subject (usually still life) was fragmented and redefined within a shallow plane or within several interlocking and often right-down planes.Analytic and Synthetic CubismIn the analytic phase (190712) the cubist palette was severely limited, largely to black, browns, grays, and off-whites. In addition, forms were rigidly geometric and compositions subtle and intricate. Cubist generalization as represented by the analytic works of Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, and Juan Gris intended an appeal to the intellect. The cubists sought to show everyday objects as the mind, not the eye, perceives themfrom all sides at once. The trompe loeil element of collage was also sometimes used.During the later, synthetic phase of cubism (1913 through the 1920s), paintings were composed of fewer and simpler forms based to a lesser extent on natural objects. Brighter colourize were employed to a generally more decorative effect, and many artists continued to use collage in their compositions. The works of Picasso, Braque, and Gris are also representative of this phase.The stage setting of CubismIn painting the major exponents of cubism included Picasso, Braque, Jean Metzinger, Gris, Duchamp, and Lger. The chief segments of the cubist movement included the Montmartre-based Bteau-Lavoir group of artists and poets (Max Jacob, Guillaume Apollinaire, Gertrude and Leo Stein, Modigliani, Picabia, Delaunay, Archipenko, and others) the Puteaux group of the contribution dOr salon (J. Villon, Lger, Picabia, Kupka, Marcou ssis, Gleizes, Apollinaire, and others) the Orphists (Delaunay, Duchamp, Picabia, and Villon see orphism) and the experimenters in collage who influenced cubist sculpture (Laurens and Lipchitz).Cubist Inspiration and InfluenceIn painting the several sources of cubist divine guidance included the later work of Czanne the geometric forms and compressed picture space in his paintings appealed especially to Braque, who developed them in his own works. African sculpture, in particular mask carvings, had enormous influence in the early years of the movement. Picassos Demoiselles dAvignon (1907 Mus. of Modern Art, New York City) is one of the most significant examples of this influence. Within this revolutionary composition lay much of the basic material of cubism.

Computerised accounting system. :: Computer Science

Computerised chronicle system.Please Specify which product you need when ordering.Sage Line 50 training software package is available both with and with out acomprehensive assessment system..The sage line 50 product contains Basic and Advanced tasks foroperation of the Sage beting software.Sage Line 50 uses a powerful show and tell, so have a go styletraining. This makes it easy for users to understand new concepts andprovides then with a chance to have a go in a safe trainingenvironment. use of multimedia simulation aids guardianship of learningand ease of use. check To Use Sage is ideal for both novice and experienced users. Thesoftware provides a great foundation in introductory tasks, Intermediate andAdvanced tasks are to a fault taught. Many advanced users keep the softwareby their PC, its great reference, have a problem? simply refine the diskin, run the topic that covers your need, its that simple.Learn To Use Sage Task ListBasic* issue a new customer* Open an existen t customer get down* ply a new supplier* Open an existing supplier record* Add a new nominal account* Open a blank record* Add a new product code and save* Open a product record* Add a sales invoice* Add a credit note* Enter purchase invoice / Credit note* Allocate customer gain* Allocate supplier payments* Add a nominal payment / receipt* Preview / Print aged debtors report* Enter sales invoices* Enter sales credit notesAdvanced* Transfer bills* Add a nominal journal* Create a skeleton journal* Blank reconciliation* presentation tubful return* Analyse VAT totals* Print VAT return* Add a fixed asset* Posting depreciation* Add a prepayment* Posting prepayments and accruals* Write off, Refund, Return* plant access rights* Contra entries* Add receding entry* Correcting errors* Check and printComputerised Accounting System==============================How does a computer plant life? entropy Input Process Data OutputType of data processing1. Batch processingTransaction data are accumulated until a large volume can be processedat one time. Eg. Payroll, customer account and general ledger2. On - line processing bear on transaction as they occur so that a user can obtain currentinformation at any time. Eg. Accounts receivable, accounts payable andinventories.manual of arms vs. Computerised systems===============================Manual accounting systems consists of source of documents, journals,ledgers and reports. In a computerised accounting system basically thesame source of documents can be used but must be converted into amachine - decipherable format to be accepted as an input to the computer.Eg. Computerised receivables systemInput accounts receivable master file at the beginning of the periodand the aacounts receivables transactions files take to update thebeginning balances.Computerised accounting system. Computer ScienceComputerised accounting system.Please Specify which product you need when ordering.Sage Line 50 training software is available both with and with out acomprehensive assessment system..The sage line 50 product contains Basic and Advanced tasks foroperation of the Sage accounting software.Sage Line 50 uses a powerful show and tell, then have a go styletraining. This makes it easy for users to understand new concepts andprovides then with a chance to have a go in a safe trainingenvironment. Use of multimedia simulation aids retention of learningand ease of use.Learn To Use Sage is ideal for both novice and experienced users. Thesoftware provides a great foundation in basic tasks, Intermediate andAdvanced tasks are also taught. Many advanced users keep the softwareby their PC, its great reference, have a problem? simply pop the diskin, run the topic that covers your need, its that simple.Learn To Use Sage Task ListBasic* Add a new customer* Open an existing customer record* Add a new supplier* Open an existing supplier record* Add a new nominal account* Open a blank record* Add a new product code and save* Open a product record* Add a sales invoice* Add a credit note* Enter purchase invoice / Credit note* Allocate customer receipts* Allocate supplier payments* Add a nominal payment / receipt* Preview / Print aged debtors report* Enter sales invoices* Enter sales credit notesAdvanced* Transfer funds* Add a nominal journal* Create a skeleton journal* Blank reconciliation* Display VAT return* Analyse VAT totals* Print VAT return* Add a fixed asset* Posting depreciation* Add a prepayment* Posting prepayments and accruals* Write off, Refund, Return* Set access rights* Contra entries* Add receding entry* Correcting errors* Check and printComputerised Accounting System==============================How does a computer works?Data Input Process Data OutputType of data processing1. Batch processingTransaction data are accumulated until a large volume can be processedat one time. Eg. Payroll, customer account and general ledger2. On - line processingProcessing transaction as they occur so that a user can obtain currentinformation at any time. Eg. Accounts receivable, accounts payable andinventories.Manual vs. Computerised systems===============================Manual accounting systems consists of source of documents, journals,ledgers and reports. In a computerised accounting system basically thesame source of documents can be used but must be converted into amachine - readable format to be accepted as an input to the computer.Eg. Computerised receivables systemInput accounts receivable master file at the beginning of the periodand the aacounts receivables transactions files required to update thebeginning balances.

Characteristics of Dolphins Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Paper

Characteristics of dolphinfishfishs The majority of lilliputian tooth whales are called dolphins. Dolphins are mammals of the order electric fan and the families Plantanistidae and Delphinidae and include about 50 species (Internet 1). Most dolphin species are about 6 feet in length, the males averaging 4 to 8 inches longer than females. The longest dolphin, the bottle-nose dolphin, weed reach everywhere nine-feet in length and weight up to 440 pounds. The smallest dolphin species is the buffalo which is found in the virago River. The Buffalo dolphin rarely grows over 3.9 feet or weighs more than 66 pounds. A dolphins diet consists mainly of herring, mackerel, and sardines. Some species however, prefer squid, half-pint and other crustacean (Gygax 585). The average summate of fish ingested is estimated at about 66 pounds a day for an individual dolphin about 8.2 feet and 220 pounds. The body of a dolphin is sleek, smooth and hairless, making the scratch rubbery to the touch. Most species have jaws that protrude into a beak like snout. Above the upper jaw is a large mass of fat and oil-containing create from raw stuff forming the so-called melon that looks much like a bulging forehead (Internet 1). The dorsal fin on the mid-back of the dolphin contains the skeletal remnants of five digits that form the flippers. Dolphins go for the dorsal fin primarily as stabilizers, although occasionally in an oar like fashion. The dorsal fin is formed from subcutaneous dermal tissue and is not moveable by muscle action. The hind flippers consist of a pair of small pelvic bones, deeply embedded in the connective tissue at the meanspirited of the tail. The caudal, or tail, fin is also primarily dermal in origin, rather than skeletal, and con... ... the rough-toothed Dolphin, the Bottlenose Dolphin, the Atlantic White-Sided Dolphin, the Pacific White-Sided Dolphin, the commonplace Dolphin, the Spotted Dolphin, the Striped Dolphin, and the Black Dolphin (low, rounded dorsal fin no beak dark pigmentation limited to the coastal waters of Chile.) Sources CitedGygax, Lorenz. Evolution of company Size in the Dolphins and Porpoises Interspecific organic structure of Intraspecific Patterns. Behavioral Ecology. Vol. 13, No. 5 (Sept 2002) 583-590.Hamilton, Healy, et al. Evolution of River Dolphins. The Royal Society. California 549-555.Internet 1 http//www.thedolphinplace.com/facts.html<http//www.beach-net.com/dolphins/biology.html<http//www.liscannorferry.com/dolphin_jewelry-1.html<http//thedolphinplace.com/main.html<http//laws.fws.gov/lawsdigest/marman.html Characteristics of Dolphins Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research PaperCharacteristics of Dolphins The majority of small tooth whales are called dolphins. Dolphins are mammals of the order Cetacean and the families Plantanistidae and Delphinidae and include about 50 species (Internet 1). Most dolphin species are about 6 fe et in length, the males averaging 4 to 8 inches longer than females. The longest dolphin, the bottle-nose dolphin, can reach over nine-feet in length and weight up to 440 pounds. The smallest dolphin species is the buffalo which is found in the Amazon River. The Buffalo dolphin rarely grows over 3.9 feet or weighs more than 66 pounds. A dolphins diet consists mainly of herring, mackerel, and sardines. Some species however, prefer squid, shrimp and other crustacean (Gygax 585). The average amount of fish ingested is estimated at about 66 pounds a day for an individual dolphin about 8.2 feet and 220 pounds. The body of a dolphin is sleek, smooth and hairless, making the skin rubbery to the touch. Most species have jaws that protrude into a beak like snout. Above the upper jaw is a large mass of fat and oil-containing tissue forming the so-called melon that looks much like a bulging forehead (Internet 1). The dorsal fin on the mid-back of the dolphin conta ins the skeletal remnants of five digits that form the flippers. Dolphins use the dorsal fin primarily as stabilizers, although occasionally in an oar like fashion. The dorsal fin is formed from subcutaneous dermal tissue and is not movable by muscle action. The hind flippers consist of a pair of small pelvic bones, deeply embedded in the connective tissue at the base of the tail. The caudal, or tail, fin is also primarily dermal in origin, rather than skeletal, and con... ... the rough-toothed Dolphin, the Bottlenose Dolphin, the Atlantic White-Sided Dolphin, the Pacific White-Sided Dolphin, the Common Dolphin, the Spotted Dolphin, the Striped Dolphin, and the Black Dolphin (low, rounded dorsal fin no beak dark pigmentation limited to the coastal waters of Chile.) Sources CitedGygax, Lorenz. Evolution of Group Size in the Dolphins and Porpoises Interspecific Consistency of Intraspecific Patterns. Behavioral Ecology. Vol. 13, No. 5 (Sept 2002) 583-590.Hamilton, Healy, et al. Evolution of River Dolphins. The Royal Society. California 549-555.Internet 1 http//www.thedolphinplace.com/facts.html<http//www.beach-net.com/dolphins/biology.html<http//www.liscannorferry.com/dolphin_jewelry-1.html<http//thedolphinplace.com/main.html<http//laws.fws.gov/lawsdigest/marman.html

Jeanette Wintersons View on Life Essay -- Winterson Writing Essays

Jeanette Wintersons View on Life A writers style should be distinctive. Indeed, if it isnt distinctive, then it isnt a style. A creative someone is someone who imagines what other people cannot. Their value to us lies in expanding our own possibilities. Walls fall. We break out. Art releases what was lost.Jeanette WintersonSometimes it seems that our lives have been watered down. That somehow we have been cheated of the true up meaning of what is before us. Especially here in America, millions of people live comfortable lifestyles they have money, they have place, they have success. But still many of us are bored and unhappy. We wake up e very morning, go to work, go to school, and come home without feeling a thing. We are de facto disenchanted and nobody actually knows why. Our imagination dies long before our bodies die.Jeanette Winterson is a writer whose work seems to be aimed at changing this for herself and, if we will listen to her, perhaps for us as well. Winterson reveals two the beauty and the horror with which we are confronted on a daily basis. She shows us new universes within our own, and parallel universes outside our own. Her writing teaches us to read in the midst of the lines of our everyday lives. Even when this is not an obvious message delivered through the content of her stories, we find it within her language. Her words reveal and unfold layers of unrealized meaning on every page, until the reader is gently lowered back into his or her own world with a new fascination and awe for what already existed.Wintersons writing rejects our accomplished perception of life. She reveals the shallow fulfillment inherent in traditional values, expands our notion of time and reality, and gives us new insig... ...he is sick of our houses with ceilings and no floors and wants us to build houses preferably with floors and no ceilings, houses that deny limits and embrace sheltered truths that help us deny the limits. She sees the power and be auty in both imagination and reality, and she finds no need to grade between the two, as both exist co-dependently, like structural elements of a house with no ceiling. In short, Jeanette Winterson wants to release, through her own art, the love for life that has been lost. She writes for our very lives and hers.Works CitedKakutani, Michiko. A Journey Through Time, Space, and Imagination. in the raw York Times 27 Apr. 1990 C33.Winterson, Jeanette. Art & Lies. London Cape, 1994.The Passion. New York Atlantic Monthly Press, 1998.The World and Other Places. New York Vintage, 2000.Written On The Body. London Cape, 1992.

Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures Essay -- English Lite

Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures Introduction More than three-quarters of the people living in the world today cast had their lives shaped by the experience of colonialism. It is easy to see how important this has been in the political and economic spheres, but its general influence on the perceptual frameworks of modern peoples is often less evident. Literature offers one of the most important ways in which these new perceptions are expressed and it is in their writing, and through other arts such as painting, sculpture, music, and dance that the day-to-day realities experienced by colonized peoples have been most powerfully encoded and so profoundly influential. What are post-colonial literatures? This book is relate with writing by those peoples formerly colonized by Britain, though much of what it deals with is of interest and relevance to countries colonized by other European powers, such as France, Portugal, and Spain. The semantic basis of the t erm ?post-colonial? might seem to suggest a concern only with the national culture after the departure of the imperial power. It has now and then been active in some earlier work in the area to distinguish between the flowings before and after freedom (?colonial period? and ?post-colonial period?), for example, in constructing national literary histories, or in suggesting comparative studies between stages in those histories. Generally speaking, though, the term ?colonial? has been used for the period before independence and a term indicating a national writing, such as ?modern Canadian writing? or ?recent West Indian literature? has been employed to distinguish the period after independence. We use the term ?post-co... ...rad, Patrick White and Margaret Atwood?, World Literature Written in English 24, no. 2 (Autumn). Campbell Praed (1981). Policy and Passion. capital of the United Kingdom Richard Bentley & Sons. Howe, Joseph (1874). Poems and Essays. Montreal Lovell. Ngugi wa Thiong?o (1972). Homecoming Essays on African and Caribbean Literature, Culture, and Politics. London Heinemann. Ngugi wa Thiong?o (1986). Writers in Politics. London Heinemann. Phillips, Arthur (1958). ?The cultural cringe?. The Australian Tradition Studies in a Colonial Culture. Melbourne Cheshire. Said, Edward W. (1984). The World, the Text and the Critic. London Faber. Tiffin, Chris, ed. (1978). South Pacific Images. St Lucia, Queensland SPACLALS. Viswanathan, Gauri (1987). ?The beginnings of English literary study in British India?. Oxford Literary Review 91 & 2.

Adjusting to College Life :: essays research papers

When students are still in high shoal, college looms in the distance like an ominous cloud. Frankly, all of the students are scared about going to college. When students go to college they feel like going to the great unknown to go to a place where they dont know anyone. But after all college is not that bad.First of all, the ad sightlyment to college isnt that rough. The staff and students are trained to pull in the adjustment as easy as possible, and the other students they meet are just as nervous as they are. Their new fellow classmates are just as anxious as you to meet people, so as long as you make the effort, youll be surprised as to how many people you meet.Meeting people will not be that hard, since most colleges offer a bazillion a traffic circle social events at the beginning of the year. And the friends that students do meet in college you will be surprised as to how close students become to each other. This is mostly delinquent to the fact that they live about twe nty feet from them or even closer. Just think how much closer students would be to their friends in school if, to visit them, you just had to walk down the hall at midnight about terce doors and walk into their friends bedroom. And you can never hide anything, because the student bedroom could end up go the floor social lounge and your bed could end up being the common couch. Basically, college classes are not much more difficult than high school classes. The only major difference is that much of the work for classes is done out of the classroom. In college, classes are usually twelve hours per week and dispersed over three or four days of the week. If you keep up with your work, then students should have no problem getting a B or an A.Many students head ache about fiscal aid. Do not apply to a school because you dont think that you cant afford it. The people at college are trying to help you, and financial aid is one way that they do that. If you dont get enough money from a sch ool, call them and tell them your situation. In most cases things can be worked out. College is likewise great because it lets you be ourselves. To be perfectly honest, people at college can be a bit odd, and the diversity of

Adjusting to College Life :: essays research papers

When students are still in gritty school, college looms in the distance like an ominous cloud. Frankly, wholly of the students are scared about tone ending to college. When students go to college they feel like going to the great unknown to go to a place where they dont know anyone. But after all college is not that bad.First of all, the ad salutaryment to college isnt that rough. The staff and students are trained to make the adjustment as easy as possible, and the other students they meet are just as nervous as they are. Their new fellow classmates are just as anxious as you to meet people, so as long as you make the effort, youll be surprised as to how many people you meet.Meeting people will not be that hard, since most colleges offer a bazillion a lot social events at the beginning of the year. And the friends that students do meet in college you will be surprised as to how close students become to each other. This is in the main due to the fact that they live about twenty feet from them or even closer. Just think how much closer students would be to their friends in school if, to ensure them, you just had to walk down the hall at midnight about three doors and walk into their friends bedroom. And you can never hide anything, because the student bedroom could end up becoming the floor social lounge and your bed could end up being the common couch. Basically, college classes are not much more difficult than high school classes. The only major difference is that much of the work for classes is done out of the classroom. In college, classes are usually twelve hours per week and dispersed over three or four days of the week. If you keep up with your work, then students should have no problem getting a B or an A. umteen students worry about financial aid. Do not apply to a school because you dont think that you cant afford it. The people at college are trying to financial aid you, and financial aid is one way that they do that. If you dont get enough m oney from a school, call them and tell them your situation. In most cases things can be worked out. College is also great because it lets you be ourselves. To be perfectly honest, people at college can be a bit odd, and the diversity of

Legionnaire`s disease

Since the identification of legionella two decades ago, a significant amount of information has accumulated concerning the microbiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, control, and therapy of infections caused by these organisms. The tote up of species in the genus legionella has increased dramatically. legionella is considered to be responsible for 213% of cases of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization (Brieman and Butler, 1998).The various Legionella species can cause two transparent sicknesss a severe form of pneumonia known as Legionnaire disease or a less serious, influenza-like illness known as Pontiac fever, which is generally accept only during those outbreaks in which a cluster of cases of Legionella pneumonia sparks an epidemiologic investigation that uncovers these less serious infections.MicrobiologyThe organism is a Gram-negative bacillus. There are presently 42 described species of Legionellae representing 64 serogroups in the family (Benso n and Fields, 1998). Legionellaceae and the genus Legionella. The phenotypic characteristics of Legionellae are defined by growth requirements, and biochemical characteristics including fatty acid analysis and ubiquinone analysis, protein profiles, dinero analysis, serology, monoclonal antibodies, and molecular techniques (DNA-DNA hybridization).L. pneumophila is a facultative intracellular pathogen that invades and replicates at bottom free-living protozoa (i.e. amoeba) and mammalian cells (Benson and Fields, 1998). Within natural environments, L. pneumophila can persist as a free-living microbe, but it replicates exclusively as an intracellullar parasite within amoeba. L. pneumophila causes Legionnaires disease by replication in alveolar macrophages and monocytes.During infection the Legionnaires disease bacterium survives and multiplies within a specialized phagosome that is near neutral pH and does not fuse with host lysozymes. Studies show that the regulation of macrophage re sistance versus susceptibility to infection is mediated by specific genetic mechanisms. The induction of cytokines by Legionella can activate immune cells, especially T helper cells. Activated macrophages restrict the growth of Legionella (Segal and Shuman, 1998)EpidemiologyCases can occur in clusters or sporadically from the community or in the hospital setting. The disease is much more common than previously apprehended with at least 13 000 cases estimated to occur per year in the United States (Brieman and Butler, 1998). There may also be local environmental factors that are master(prenominal) and still not well defined.Although immunosuppressed patients and specifically transplant patients seem to have a higher risk of developing Legionnaires disease, there are some more non-immunosuppressed individuals in the community who may be infected with Legionella. nvestigations into community outbreaks still find cooling towers to be a source of the Legionellaclinical manifestationLu ttichau et al(1998) investigated an outbreak of Pontiac fever in children and adults, caused by a contaminated whirlpool. The authors isolated L. pneumophila serogroup OLDA from one of the children and believe that this represents the first reported culture-confirmed case of Pontiac fever. The outbreak was characterized by a short incubation period, influenza-like symptoms, and rapid recoveries, all features typical of Pontiac fever.The median incubation period for the children was shorter (43 h) than for the adults (70 h). The median duration of the illness was 87 h for the children versus 61 h for the adults. The most common symptoms noted by the adults were fever, dizziness, headache, cough, fatigue, arthralgia and abdominal pain. Ear pain and rash were more common in children.DiagnosisThe diagnosis of Legionnaires disease remains troublesome in many hospitals. Serological studies are useful too late for the clinician and cultures must be incubated for at least 3 days. Legionella urinary antigen assays are useful early in clinical disease but the kits that are currently available only identify patients with disease caused by L. pneumophila serogroup 1. late(a) improvements in the methodology for performing polymerase chain reaction on bronchoalveolar lavage solutions are encouraging (Chiba etal, 1998)TreatmentAntimicrobial agents generally considered clinically effective for Legionella infections include macrolides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and rifampins. In a study several fresh antimicrobial agents with in-vitro activities against Legionellae that were found better than those of erythromycin included were a impertinently rifampin-like drug, rifapentine, dalfopristin-quinupristin, and a new ketolide (HMR3647).The advantages of the quinolone agents include bactericidal activity against Legionella and a prolonged post-antibiotic effect whereas erythromycin is only inhibitory. In an additional study using HL-60 cells to evaluate new macrolides, Stout et al (1998)documented that the most active inhibitors of L. pneumophila intracellular multiplication were (in order of activity) azithromycin, erythromycin, roxithromycin, dirithromycin and clarithromycin.In a recent editorial, Edelstein (1998) suggested that azithromycin or one of the more active fluoroquinolones should be used in preference to erythromycin for the treatment of Legionnaires disease in immunocompromised patients, based on their greater in-vitro activity as well as their better pharmacodynamic properties. In addition to producing a potentially better outcome, these agents will often improve patient compliance because of fewer side-effects and the shorter duration of therapy.ConclusionInfections caused by Legionella spp. are a significant cause of morbidity and occasionally mortality. The projected number of cases of infection caused by Legionella spp. are much greater than those reported to CDCs surveillance system, indicating both underdiagnosis and under-reportin g.Hopefully, new information concerning the molecular biology and pathogenesis will provide a better understanding of infection caused by these organisms. Recent studies suggest that the newer macrolides and newer fluoroquinolones are the optimal agents for these organisms.References1 Benson RF, Fields BS. Classification of the genus Legionella. Semin Respir Infect 1998 1390-99. A comprehensive update of the microbiology and tetonomy of Legionellae2 Breiman RF, Butler JC. Legionnaires disease clinical, epidemiological, and usual health perspectives. Semin Respir Infect 1998 1384-893 Segal G, Shuman HA. How is the intracellular fate of the Legionella pneumophila phagosome determined? Trends Microbiol 1998 6253-255.4 Luttichau HR, Vinther C, Uldum SA, Moller J, Faber M, Jensen J. An outbreak of Pontiac fever among children following use of a whirlpool. Clin Infect Dis 1998 261374-1378.5 Chiba Y, Okamoto H, Nagatomo A, Kunikare H, Watanabe . Legionnaires disease diagnosed by bronchoal veolar lavage. Int Med 1998 37153-156.6 Stout JE, Arnold B, Yu VL. Activity of azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, dirithromycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin and erythromycin against Legionella species by intracellular susceptibility test in HL-60 cells. J Antimicrob Chemother 1998 41289-2917 Edelstein PH. Antimicrobial chemotherapy for Legionnaires disease time for a change. Ann Intern Med 1998 129328-330.

Dave the Black Boy-Man: Anger

Introduction In his article, Zinnias (1993) says, with knocked out(p) creativeness, advertising could not exist, and due to its nature, creativity is hard to be measured. In his opinion, any advertising campaigns succeeded clean beca economic consumption they break commonly accepted rules of what a commercial message should be or say. As every champion knows, with creativity, practitioners could hit totally different and uncommon ads, while what intimately the rest of them?This paper is being written for discussing and impairing leash different video advertisements of beer. Moreover, doing a further discussion about creativity in advertising, to find out whether advertising could still exist without creativity, and both the positive and negative sides. 2. Creativity in Advertising What is creativity? According to Darwinian and Jeweler (201 1), creativity advertisements ar ads which make relevant connections between overlaps and target audience and present commercial ideas, in an unexpected way.Creativity in Advertising is differing from that in other domains, due to the existence of products ND target audience. No matter what advertisement it is, it should serve the product or service, to increase its popularity or selling. That is how creativity in advertising cannot be want art creativity which could be whatever the artists like. The first paid newspaper advertisement is an announcement for selling estate in 1704 (Bishop 2013). After reading the textual matter of that ad, we can tell that at the beginning of advertising, there was no creativity.Publishers Just expressed their selling messages directly. While in modern society, why creativity seems so important for advertising? Due to the development of global economy and technology, people have seen enough advertisements, especially ads of different brands in one same category. The physical exertion of creativity is to catch peoples attention, make them know the brand better than any others. Back to the topic, is it real that in modern world, advertising could not exist without creativity, or should it be advertising sometimes could be more actuateive with creativity? . Examples 4. 1 Carlton Draught The big ad The big ad for Carlton Draught is an advertisement full of creativity. It matches the heartsickness of creativity which is in an unexpected way (Darwinian and Jeweler 2011). This ad used the scenery Just like in the movie Lord of the Rings, the effective use of magnificent view and music catches audiences attention the right way from the beginning. The funny lyric does not tell audience what ad it is until for Carlton would cause peoples negative feelings. however in this ad, audience is already curious about the product.Furthermore, it describes mens hope for Carlton Draught when the body and beer run towards each other. This ad with creativity is tie memorcapable hence audience would merely pull up stakes this ad and product. What is more important, is consu mes positive emotion on this ad would turn into the emotion on the product. That is how advertisements with creativity could be effective. 4. 2 Heinlein not expensive This is an old ad of Heinlein. Comp atomic number 18 to the former one, this ad does not have creativity in it. This ad is more like an public beer ad which expresses the commercial message in an quotidian way.This Heinlein ad describes the process of a man drinking Heinlein. It shows the characteristics of beer well. The purpose of this advertisement is to make audience eel desire for beer by effectively use scenes like beer flowing and water on the bottle. However, it is not that memorable as the Carlton Draught ads because it shows what any beer is. Consumers would not be able to consider this ad and its product over time. Moreover, the biggest problem of this ad is that it does not match its slogan which is not that much more expensive.This ad does not make full use of creativity as the big ad does, to make aud ience easily mobilize and like this brand. 4. 3 Toasting Beer billet ship Comparing to the former two ads, this beer ad from China does try to use creativity. However, this ad could be any other brand or as yet any other product because it delivers the selling message in a common and expected way and the creativity (a space ship) in it is really not relevant. It uses extremely normal commercial message when it tries to make audience feel they want to drink beer.And it tries to use a space ship flying over to impress the audience. It is an ad without creativity since the whole advertisement expresses the message in a very ordinary way. However, this kind of ads without creativity help this brand remains one of the top sellers for recent years (USDA 2010). The reason of this phenomenon is that, this brand is a very old brand in China and it already has great brand aw areness. The use of this ad is to enhance consumers recall of the brand (Till and Aback 2005), and it works. 4. Ad vertisements with creativity 5. Advantages The creativity in advertising brings several advantages. First of all, advertisements with creativity could make audience remember the products much more easily. About the products. For example the Carlton Draught ad, audience would feel like watching a movie (Kenya 2007). This helps to make them remember this ad, thus remember the product much more easily. Secondly, ads with creativity will hardly cause audiences negative feelings. Since there are already numerous advertisements in modern society, most people do not like ads keep showing around them.The consequence of consumers negative feelings on the ads is that they will have negative emotions on the product or service and normally people will not choose the brand they do not like. The advertisements with creativity could ratify this issue by make consumers like the ad thus like the brand. 5. 5 Disadvantages Although creativity in advertising is effective, it still has some drawbacks. Sometimes, practitioners over emphasize the creativity part and forget that the ads should be relevant between brands and target audience. It will make people confused and difficult to understand the ads.If audience cannot understand what the ad is trying to tell, they would not get the selling messages properly, and it would not fit the dish of advertisements (Cover et al 1995). Furthermore, unlike ordinary ads, a creative ad is usually more difficult to produce and express. A wonderful creativity like Carlton Draught ad needs a group of practitioners wisdom and hard work to design and to implement. . Advertisements without creativity Advertisements without creativity are those who tell the commercial messages in expected ways, namely ordinary ads or normal ads.As the ad of Toasting Beer proves, advertisements do exist without creativity. 6. 6 Advantages Hegel verbalise all that is real is rational, in this case, ordinary ads also have their advantages. Ordinary ads are much easi er to design, produce and implement. Because they do not require for a large groups brain storm, normal ads are usually cheaper than creative ads. Moreover, due to the fact that it does not have creativity inside, an ordinary ad could fulfill the function of advertising, which is to tell target audience the commercial messages, in a direct way. 6. Disadvantages Comparing to advertisements with creativity, the disadvantages of ordinary ads are obvious. Firstly, audience ignores ordinary ads (SCM 2012). People think these ads are boring and sometimes even forget about them. Secondly, ordinary ads can hardly possible. When it happens, ads could not even fulfill its basic function which is benefit claim. Thirdly, ordinary ads are all similar, especially ads of the products in the same category. Therefore it would be much more difficult for consumers to remember the ads and the products after watching them.So that normal ads would hardly be effective. The most important one is sometimes practitioners and publishers like to repeat the same short ads which have only a few words three or more times continuously. This method does help to make people remember the product. However, it will always cause peoples negative feelings. Negative feelings sometimes could be used for deeper promotion (Young 2006), however, sometimes are quite deadly and needs practitioners to be risky. . Conclusion Ultimately, it is widely accepted that the creativity is an important component of advertising.With the ingredient of creativity, the practitioners could make successful ads and advertising campaigns. The creativity could be beneficial to the broadcast and benefit claim of the products, services or concepts. On the other hand, at the right beginning of advertising activities, there were only simply notifications without any creativity, and they still had the basic function of ads. This evidence shows that advertising could still exist without creativity. These ordinary ads are rational and sometimes are also useful based on different brands backgrounds and current situations.

Bridging Deontological and Teleological Ethical Perspectives

Buddhism espouses the concept of karma which refers to the chains of suffers and events in the universe (Reichenbach, p. 137). A psyche who has undergo something good in life is s maintenance to have good karma whereas the opposite is true for the person who has experienced something bad. In a way, karma serves as the law of lesson causation precisely be reasonableness lessonistic and immoral acts terminus to good and bad here and nows, respectively. Thus, doing something good arse ultimately lead to a morally sound consequence whereas doing something bad bunghole eventually lead to an immoral raise.In any case, the something in doing something can be either castigate or wrong in itself. Similarly, the something in doing something can too be either right or wrong with respect to its consequences. Taking the Buddhist concept of karma and using it within the context of morals, the result is an understanding of the connection between karma, deontological and teleological e thics. For the most part, deontological ethics is a branch of ethics that deals with the moral worthy(predicate) of exercises.That is, the moral worth of something depends on the goodness or wrongness of the act that causes it. For instance, aborting an unborn fetus in order to save the mother is morally wrong essentially because abortion kills a living being and is, thitherfore, wrong in the first place. In deontological ethics, the rightness or wrongness of an act is fundamental in determining whether an action is ethical or unethical, which implies that the basis for saying whether an act is moral or immoral is the act itself.Connecting that thought with the Buddhist concept of karma, the totality of all the chains of causes and effects in the world is the summation of all actions that atomic number 18 inherently good or evil regardless of their consequences. As a result, the foundation of the Buddhist concept of karma when viewed from a deontological ethical perspective i s the action itself no matter what the consequence may be. While deontological ethics treats actions and their consequences separately when identifying the moral worth of actions, it does not mean unless that actions and their consequences are inherently separate.Rather, they remain tied insofar as they remain causes and effects to one some other. On the other hand, teleological ethics is primarily touch with the consequences of actions in determining their moral worth, which is why most teleological ethical theories are also called consequentialist ethical theories. The moral worth of an action can be gauged in toll of the consequences it leads to. For instance, aborting a child may save the mother, thereby making the act of abortion in the specific circumstance morally tolerable and ethical at the same time.So long as the consequences are favorable, an action remains moral as far as teleological ethical guess is concerned. With that in mind, the Buddhist concept of karma sit s comfortably with teleological ethics. That is because karma adopts some(prenominal) causes and effects no action can be determined as either right or wrong if there is no consideration for the consequences it leads to. Taken as a whole, there is strong reason to believe that karma shares several revealing characteristics with the philosophic formulations of both deontological and teleological ethical theories.In most case, teleological and deontological ethical theories are often placed on extreme poles primarily because each treats the moral worth of action in distinct ways. However, the Buddhist concept of karma can provide a viridity ground for both ethical theories at least in terms of one thingthe causation of events in the universe. Buddhist Karma and Deontology Immanuel Kant is one of the foremost philosophers who favored deontology throughout his career. Kant once argued that human beings should not be case-hardened as means to an end but as the ends themselves (Sokol off, p.770). In other words, a person should not use other person as a way for him to achieve his desires. Rather, that person ought to treat the other person with respect and dignity precisely because the welfare of other persons should be at the helm of any human pursuit. That idea closely resembles the golden rule which proposes that a person should act towards other bulk in the way that he expects himself to be interact by others. Deontological ethics, therefore, prescribes that actions are morally right because of their morally right nature.Given the position that karma in general is the totality of all causes and effects in the universe, it can also be verbalise as the totality of all the interactions among human beings with other fellow human beings. Although karma is not entirely limited to such an interpretation, it nevertheless accepts the fact that interpersonal interactionapart from humanitys interaction with the surrounding environmentcan be the respective causes of authorized effects and effects of certain causes.A society can be composed of individuals treating one another as means to an end, as ends themselves or a combination thereof. Take all societies in the world and the picture becomes broader yet clearer. In a way, interpersonal interaction has a substantial role in the general karma of all things. There are countless numbers of individuals from across the world taking part in the activities that occur on a daily basis. Somewhere in North Korea, there may be a person who is morally condemned for constantly threatening neighboring countries through the testing of potentially dangerous nuclear armaments.Somewhere in the join States, a policeman avoids offers of bribe due to the belief that the act of bribing in itself is morally wrong even though the money given can be enough to sustain the officers familys financial needs for another month. Somewhere in Saudi Arabia, a man pays respect to his elders by making them happy through gif ts because he believes that his elders are human beings who deserve all the happiness in the world just like anybody else. These interactions and all the hiatus happening in the world as we speak comprise a portion of the general karma of things.Performing actions that are inherently ethical or unethical can influence the way in which karma takes places. The favor may be returned or not. Either way, both ethical and unethical actions play a role in the chains of causes and effects in the universe. Buddhist Karma and Teleology The key principle in teleological ethical theory is the idea that an action is morally right or wrong depending on its consequences. One version of that idea is utilitarianism which grants that an action is good if it leads to the greatest benefit of the greatest number (Freeman, p.313). Conversely, a persons actions or decisions are morally right if it actually promotes the welfare of the wide majority of people involved or concerned in the situation. On the other hand, an action is wrong if it does the exact opposite, which is either to promote the welfare of the few or to cause harm to the majority. Teleological ethics, therefore, implies that the consequences of an action largely determine its moral worth. In the case of utilitarianism, determining the moral worth of an action is possible if the consequences can be quantified.If teleological ethics depends on the consequences of actions, it will also naturally involve the relationship between the cause and effect of any given circumstance. In effect, good karma can be characterized as karma resulting from the good consequences of an individuals actions or decisions. On the other hand, bad karma can be characterized as karma resulting from the bad consequences of a persons acts. In both cases, there is the presumption that there are causes in the same way as there are effects.That presumption underscores the principle that the relationship between causes and effects significantly dete rmines not only(prenominal) the rightness or wrongness of actions but also their good and bad valuations in terms of Buddhist karma. When taken from the broadest perspective of teleological ethics, karma can be seen occurring in almost every part of the globe. A president of a certain first-world country deciding to aid people living in necessitous countries through foreign aid can certainly give good consequences to an immense number of people.In effect, the benefits these people will be receiving through the aid can be said as part of their good karma. On the other hand, the praises from the international community and the appreciation of the people at the receiving end of the foreign aid can also be said as part of the good karma for the president. Another example is when one nation decides to declare war on another distant nation. The results can be devastating, the most significant of which is the possible loss of countless lives.For both sides participating in the war, the b ad karma can be slowly seen not only for the people who lived to witness and experience firsthand the atrocities of the war but also for the generations that will happen. Karma interpreted in the context of teleological ethics can also refer to ordinary events on a smaller scale. A person taking the law into his own hands by murdering another person for vengeance will be jailed. Consequently, the jailing of the murder convict can be said as a form of bad karma. A person gaining a new friend by sharing the table to another stranger in the public library can be said as good karma.At any rate, the consequences of our actions determine our actions moral worth, and it is from the relationship between the consequences and the actions where Buddhist karma can be taken from. Deontologys Karma versus Teleologys Karma What are the differences between deontologys karma and teleologys karma? For the most part, it can be said that both deontological and teleological ethics attempt to categoriz e moral worth of actions, the former in terms of the nature of the actions and the latter in terms of their consequences.Although the difference largely rests on what to use as the basis for the moral worth of an action, the undeniable similarity is that both ethical theories touch the Buddhist concept of karma. At the least, the concept of karma provides the common ground for the ethical theories that are commonly labeled as anti-thesis to one another. Since karma presupposes causes and effects, it essential also deal with the relationships that exist between them.On one hand, the relationship can be viewed in terms of the cause determining its own moral worth independently from the effect. On the other hand, the relationship can also be viewed in terms of the effect determining the moral worth of the cause. In both instances, the causes naturally lead to their effects even though the basis for identifying their moral worth differs. As Kaufman writes, karma is not only about the c auses of an effect insomuch as it is not only about the effects of a cause in any given circumstance.Rather, it is about the marriage of the two (Kaufman, p. 16). This inseparability of the cause from the effector vice versain terms of Buddhist karma is the reason why it can be said that deontological and teleological ethics are look at the same coin only focusing on different sides, so to speak. They look at the same relationships although each one concentrates on a distinct angledeontology on the cause and teleology on the effect. Karma and General moral philosophy Damien Keown writes that karma inevitably concerns a persons character (Keown, p.331). That is because a persons character can influence his actions and decisions as well as the effects of such actions and decisions. In effect, the chains of universal causes and effects involve the overall moral characters of all people. Karma becomes intertwined, as it does in fact, with the ethical inclinations of individuals. In ge neral, ethics is concerned with the rightness or wrongness of things. It offers a wide array of ethical precepts which people are expected to follow in order to live morally upright lives.Karma, on the other hand, implies a persons capacity to realise his own decisions and, therefore, his capacity to self-determination as opposed to abiding by a predetermined fate. Taken together, ethics provides options for individuals to fully realize the things that they want to achieve. Ethics provides frameworks for people to use in order to make decisions and enact them based on what is morally permissible. Keeping in line with what is morally permissible is said to lead to good karma while deviating from what is moral can lead to bad karma.Deontological and teleological ethics are just two of the ethical doctrines that individuals can follow in order to attain a favorable karma. Although deontological and teleological ethics are both unique to the point that they contradict one another in te rms of what to use as basis for determining the moral worth of actions, they also come into terms within the context of the Buddhist karma. They share the common belief in the causation of things everything happens for a reason. Either the cause in itself is the reason for the acts moral worth or the effect determines the moral worth of the action.Works Cited Freeman, Samuel. Utilitarianism, Deontology, and the Priority of Right. Philosophy and Public Affairs 23. 4 (1994) 313-49. Kaufman, Whitley R. P. Karma, Rebirth, and the Problem of Evil. Philosophy East and West 55. 1 (2005) 15-32. Keown, Damien. Karma, Character, and Consequentialism. The Journal of Religious Ethics 24. 2 (1996) 329-50. Reichenbach, Bruce R. Karma, Causation, and Divine Intervention. Philosophy East and West 39. 2 (1989) 135-49. Sokoloff, William W. Kant and the Paradox of Respect. American Journal of Political Science 45. 4 (2001) 768-79.

Study on Ht Dna

A PROJECT REPORT ON PROFILE STUDY ON desoxyribonucleic acid/HTS pocket READERS. AT Bennett, Coleman & Co Ltd. The measure of India BY SAAD BHATI ROLL NO-P11014 PGDBM 3RD SEMISTER FOR POST GRADUATION DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS focal point- MARKETING BATCH 2011-2013 CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT PGBDM BANDRA, MUMBAI 400050 DECLARATION I Saad Bhati student of PGDBM Marketing (Semester II) at Centre for Management hereby decl ar that this Project entitled PROFILE STUDY ON deoxyribonucleic acid/HTS EXCLUSIVE READERS. has been carried out by me under the guidance of Mr. .Roque rodrigues and Ms krupal Valia as per the norms prescribed by the University .And that I put superstar across not engaged in plagiarism of any kind from produce / non published works. I further decl be that the instruction presented in this project is true and original to the best of my knowledge. particular date PLACE Mumbai ( SAAD BHATI ) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT With deep satisfaction and immense pleasure I am presenting this report on PROFILE STUDY ON desoxyribonucleic acid/HTS EXCLUSIVE READERS. This survey process could not have been successful without the motivation provided by the employees at clock of India, Mumbai CST office. It is my proud privilege to have got an pportunity to work with an respect organization corresponding time of India. The encouraging work environment and culture has enabled my learning. They were always ready to provide constant reward and give their intellectual inputs to channel me through this enriching endeavor. I would like to thank them for the keen interest they have taken in clarifying all the concepts and the underlying fundamentals. At the onset I would like to express deep heartfelt gratitude to Mr. Vikesh Walia (Vice President TOI) for giving me an opportunity to work on this project in clock of India.I would like to thank Mr. Sunil bloodletting (Associate Vice President TOI) for providing me with suggestions and help when required. I devote my special an d sincere thanks to Mr Roque Rodrigues & Ms Krupal Valia for providing me the guidance and valuable advice, without whose constant support and feedback this project would have been a mere idea without a form or content. I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the TOI staff, Mumbai CST office who helped me by giving the moral support to accomplish the project successfully. I extend my sincere thanks to Prof.Neelam Mathur (Mentor), all the faculty members whose guidelines helped me in the completion of this report. Last precisely not least I would like to thank all those who were involved directly or indirectly in the completion of the project. Working at generation of India has been the well-nigh pleasurable get laid and has also been a great learning experience. Thank You CERTIFICATE TABLE OF CONTENTS Sr. No. TOPIC Page No. Acknowledgement table of contents Executive Summary Introduction Industry Profile Company Profile History Objective Of The Project enquiry Methodology Analysis & Interpretation Findings proof Recommendations Annexure Bibliography EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The project deals with the profiles of readers of Hindustan times and DNA . To date the psyche of DNA and HTs exclusive readers. The project focuses on the class of HT / DNAs readers & their reading habits. The project also helps us to understand why they are subscribing to HT/DNA. It also helps us know the reason for which the subscribers are electrical switch over to other news accounts like and what plan of action should be undertaken to compete in the newspaper industry.The research design implemented in this project is (a) Research Approach Exploratory Research. (b) Sampling Method Non-Probability Sampling. (c) Sample Size 200 responses of side newspaper readers in Mumbai, of which 100 are DNA readers & 100 are HT readers. (d) Research Methodology Interview person on one to one basis using structured questionnaire. INTRODUCTION E real perso n commonly starts his twenty-four hour period by reading the newsworthinesspaper in the morning. In these modern days instead of having many other options like 247 News Channels, Online news, prompt updates etc.The importance of the newspaper is not yet changed in the sustenance of good deal. Newspaper always treated as most reliable, analytical, trusted news source but definitely the content of the newspaper has been changed over the period of time. Generally newspaper reading habit in the house starts with the traditional family newspaper. The perception of the reader astir(predicate) newspaper start from writing style, write outorial, layout, feel of the newspaper & convenience of reading etc. It does make people to resistant to change their newspaper marking from one to another unlike FMCG product or to replace it with the electronic news.Its take years to cultivate a newspaper brand in to the family. Most of the time the family newspaper or 1st choice newspaper of the family is the regional newspaper Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati etc. Secondly is the side newspaper. The 1st and the 2nd choice of newspaper normally reflect into their socio economic status. English is an international language. Everybody not only in India but also throughout the world wants to cope with English language. Mumbai, being a metropolitan city & the financial capital of India.Analyst says that, majority people read English in Mumbai but only a few of that majority buy English newsprint of any kind. This study put lights of many of the facts & figures. Today mornings newspaper publishing is a hawkish and became a very complex market. The morning newspapers compete with each other and with other media much(prenominal) as TV, radio receiver, the internet and other on-line services. In order to be competitive in the media landscape of today, morning newspapers need to improve the production and the distribution of newspapers as well as other processes within the newspaper co mpanies.This study has been undertaken to understand the newspaper industry majorly concentrating on Mumbai region analyzing the Three major market players The Times of India, Hindustan Times & DNA INDUSTRY PROFILE There are varieties of News papers available in Mumbai in all languages like English and Local Languages like Hindi, Marathi, Urdu, Malayalam, Tamil, Gujarati for Daily Samachar and news Updates which are available at split up of News paper stalls and Railway Book store around Mumbai Costing at around 2 to 3 rupees each depend on their cost.You can read all type of news like Political news, Local news, Financial and Economical updates like Rate of Gold, Silver and International notes rates etc. refer of English Newspapers The Times of India, Economic Times, Financial Express, Indian Express, Mumbai Mirror, Mid-day, DNA, Business-Standards, Hindustan Times and Free Press Journal. List of Hindi Newspapers (Urdu newspapers) Hindi Midday, Tehalka news, Navbharat Times, Hum ara Mahanagar, Aaj Ka Anand, YashoBhoomi, Dopahar, Saamna, Hindmata, Mumbai Sandhya. List of Gujarati Newspapers Gujarat Samachar, Mumbai Samachar, Divya Bhasker, Sandesh, Guajarati Midday, JanmaBhoomi.List of Marathi Newspapers Loksatta, Maharashtra Times, Navshakti, Navakal, Vartahar, Saamna (saamana), Sakal, Sandesh, Lokmat, Divyabhaskar, Mumbai Mitra, Navabharat times, Sandhyanand, Punya Nagri, Samrat, Ratnagiri news, Mumbai Chaufer. Other Languages Newspapers Kanada Times, Karnataka Malla, Udaya, Vani. Market Share of Mumbai English Dailies Analyst says that 3. 5million people read English in Mumbai but only 1. 2 million buy English newsprint of any kind. Mumbai had only six English dailies till 2005. TIMES OF INDIA is an unbeaten king of Mumbai English newspaper market COMPANY PROFILE * The Times of India (TOI) is an English-language billhook newspaper that is widely read throughout India. It has the largest circulation among all English-language newspapers in the world, acro ss all formats (broadsheet, tabloid, compact, Berliner and online). It is owned and managed by Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. which is owned by the Sahu Jain family. In the year 2008, the newspaper reported that (with a circulation of over 3. 14 million) it was Certified by the Audit Bureau of Circulations as the worlds largest selling English-language Daily newspaper, placing as the eighth largest selling newspaper in any language in the world.According to the Indian Readership watch over (IRS) 2010, the Times of India is the most widely read English newspaper in India with a readership of 70. 35lakhs (7. 035million). This ranks the Times of India as the top English newspaper in India by readership. According to ComScore, TOI Online is the worlds most-visited newspaper website with 159 million page views in whitethorn 2009. HISTORY OF TIMES OF INDIA The Times of India came into being on November 3, 1838 and was known as The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce. Initially the paper se rved only the British residents of occidental India.Published twice a week on all Saturday and Wednesday, The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce contained news from Europe, America and the sub- continent and was circulated mingled with India and Europe via regular steamships. 1838 The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce is launched by a British syndicate. 1855 Telegraph service starts in India and the paper signs an agreement with Reuters for raising news coverage and lowering subscription rates. 1861 newspaper publisher is renamed The Times of India after it acquires two smaller rival papers. 1902 Paper moves into its current offices opposite Victoria Terminus. 915 Price for the paper is cut from four annas to one anna as new rotary machines increase supply. 1946 Paper becomes Indian-owned and the editorial policy becomes openly nationalist. 1949 Matrimonial ads, known as Catches and Hatches, are introduced. 1950 Papers crest is changed from the lion and unicorn symbol of proud Britain to two elephants, and anew credo Let Truth Prevail is adopted. 1991 The Times of India is chosen as one of the worlds six greatest newspapers by the BBC. 1996 Timesofindia. com launched. 1997 Mumbai edition carries its eldest color photograph. 003 Delhi edition becomes the first paper in India to go all-color. The day-after-day circulation of Times of India is more than 2 million Shades of Times of India TOI in electronic Media A 24 hour English news channel, TIMES NOW has been started couple of years back by a joint venture between Reuters and the Times company. The company also owns a life style TV channel Zoom and a radio channel wireless Mirchi. One of Indias leading radio channel radio Mirchi is available in Delhi, Mumbai and other important cities of India. Times Group in MerchandisePlanet MTimes Retail with Planet M outlets lead merchandise from music to designer watches, books and cafes. Times Group Events The Times group organizes a number of fair s and exhibitions time-to-time all over the country. Times Utsav Consumer fairs, Times Ascent argument Fairs and grooming Events are the fair and exhibitions organized by the Times group. The Times Group sponsors Miss World and Miss Universe change surfacets and played host to a galaxy of stars at the Film fare Awards. The group also organizes The Economic Times Awards for Corporate Excellence or the Brand Equity Quiz. Times Group in Social ServicesThe philanthropic arm of the Times group, the Times Foundation, offers Non-Government Organizations , institutions others organizations all over India, a good platform to converge and address the countrys developmental needs. TOI on Internet Times Group offers Internet services worldwide that covers everything from art to airlines, knowledge events to telecom and integrated marketing,. The site is visited by millions of users from India and other countries of the world. Websites of Times group are http//www. timesofindia. com (The T imes of India) http//www. economictimes. com (Economic Times) ttp//www. indiatimes. com (India times) http//www. epaper. timesofindia. com (TOI e Paper) http//www. syndication. indiatimes. com (Times Syndication Service) http//www. educationtimes. com (Education Times A comprehensive education portal) http//www. timesascent. in (Times Ascent A HR community portal) http//www. timesjobs. com (Times Jobs. com A job portal) http//www. simplymarry. com (Simply Marry. com A matrimonial portal) http//www. magicbricks. com (Margi Bricks A real estate portal) http//www. radiomirchi. com (Radio Mirchi) Products under Times of India Umbrella TOI Sister Publications Economic Times A Financial day-by-day * Nav bharat Times Hindi Daily Newspaper * Maharashtra Times Marathi Daily Newspaper * Mumbai Mirror Morning newspaper from Mumbai * Femina Womens magazine published in association with BBC * Filmfare English Film mag published in association with BBC TOI Supplements The Times of In dia comes with several city-specific supplements, such as Delhi Times, Bombay Times, Lucknow Times, Bangalore Times etc. These city supplements carry entertainment news, gossips, page3 party news, photographs and other modus vivendi related happenings in metros and big cities.Other major supplements of TOI include Times Wellness Carries health related news and also provides solution of your grievances by experts. Education Times Education Times is weekly supplement focused towards students and acts as a counselor and advisor for student community. Times Ascent A weekly supplement Times Ascent seeks to introduce more understanding of Human Resources and corporate life related stories. Also carries the advertisements of various kinds of jobs in India and abroad. Zig wheels Zig wheels is a supplement related to auto-mobiles and latest development in the industry.Times Property The weekly supplement has real estate and property news. Times Life Times life comes once in a week carry ing news about life of personalities and famous people. Times Classifieds Carries advertisements regarding jobs, buy and sell of items etc. Times Matrimonial throw marriage advertisement of boys and girls looking for match. Rouge A weekly supplement Times en Vogue A weekly supplement Products of Times of India up-to-date SENARIO The Times of India is published by the media group Bennett, Coleman Co. Ltd.This company, along with its other group companies, known as The Times Group, also publishes The Economic Times, Mumbai Mirror, Pune Mirror, the Navbharat Times (a Hindi-language day-to-day broadsheet), the Maharashtra Times (a Marathi-language daily broadsheet). The Times is self-declared as a liberal newspaper, and is sometimes described as irreverent. The present management of The Times Group has been instrumental in changing the outlook of Indian journalism. In India, as is elsewhere in the world, the Editor of a newspaper has traditionally been considered as the most notab le congeal in a newspaper set up.The Times of India, however, changed this in the early 1990s, in keeping with the management policy of treating the newspaper as just another brand in the market. The main newspaper and its many sub-editions are now run by editors who are appointed within the ranks and the company gives equal chance to everyone to sop up the editors seat. The Times Group also places equal focus and importance to every department and function which has made it a professional entity and ensured its place as the most profitable newspaper in the country. In late 2006, Times Group acquired Vijayanand Printers Limited (VPL).VPL used to publish two Kannada newspapers Vijay Karnataka and Usha Kiran and an English daily Vijay Times. Vijay Karnataka was the leader in the Kannada newspaper segment whence. In January 2007, the Kannada edition was launched in Bangalore and in April 2008 the Chennai edition was launched. Their main rivals in India are The Hindu and Hindustan T imes, which hold second and third position by circulation. There was a serious backlash against the papers irresponsible coverage following the verdict of Ayodhya disputed land case. This also provoked serious objurgation about the papers poor news standards in Twitter.The Times Group Corporate directors Indu Jain Samir Jain Vineet Jain Sahu Jain Sahu Ramesh Chandra Jain Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain Brand Newspapers, magazines and websites The Times of India The Economic Times Maharashtra Times Navbharat Times Mumbai Mirror Pune Mirror Kolkata Mirror Bangalore Mirror The Times of India Kannada Times Private Treaties ET Chandigarh Zig Wheels Times Global broadcasting Times Now ET Now Zoom Lead India Times Internet Indiatimes portal TimesofMoney Times Infotainment &Entertainment Network India Radio Mirchi Absolute Radio 360 Degrees Times Outoors Mirchi Movies Limited Times Business Solutions TBSL Times Jobs SimplyMarry MagicBricks Yolist Ads2Book PeerPower World Wide Medi a Filmfare Filmfare Awards Femina Femina Miss India Top Gear India Hello BBC Good Homes Femina Hindi Grazia What to Wear TIML Radio TIML Radio Limited HISTORY OF DNA Daily News and Analysis(DNA) is an Indianbroadsheetpublished in the English language fromMumbai,Ahmedabad,Pune,Jaipur,BangaloreandIndoreinIndia.The broadsheet was launched in July 2005 and targeted a young readership. DNA is owned and managed by Diligent Media Corporation, ajoint venturebetweenD B Corp Ltd. (Dainik Bhaskar) andEssel Group. A high-profileadvertising campaignwith thetagline, Speak up, its in your DNA, preceded the birth ofDaily News and Analysisin 2005. The situational context into which the publication was introduced was described by the Indian media as tumultuous, with price cuts and competitive activity occurring.In an announcement on the front page of DNA on February 1, 2010, Aditya Sinha,editor-in-chief, announced that DNA would drop its edit page abenchmarkoccasion in the newspapers history. DNAs decision was considered to be a bold action and attracted much criticism in the journalism field. DNA subsequently began providing, where appropriate, expert opinion andcommentsin different pages of the newspaper. In October 2011, as per the MRUCs (Media Research Users Council)Indian Readership Survey (IRS) Round II determined DNAs wide readership to be 12. 2 lakh in Mumbai and an average issue readership (AIR), across its six editions, of 8. 24 lakh. IRS also ranked DNA as no. sixth among the Top Ten English Dailies in India. DNA is the second most read English broadsheet in the city of Mumbai. The countrys youngest English newspaper continues to set a scorching pace, registering 86% growth in AIR over the five years since the IRS survey in the second one-half of 2006, nearly doubling the issue readership from 4. 44 lakh. DNA also has the highest percentage of readers (36. %) in the 30-49 age group in Mumbai among the English dailies, and the second highest percentage of readers w ho are graduates (52. 2%) or fall in the socio-economic classes A and B (73. 5%). On February 11, 2007, DNA announced that its paid circulation had stressed 400,000 in Mumbai. It had previously reached 300,000 in October 2006. In May 2006, DNA authorized Ernst & Young to certify its circulation figures. E & Y submitted its report in July, putting its paid circulation at 270,000. DNA is before long published from Mumbai, Bangalore, Pune, Ahmedabad,Jaipur and Indore.DNA has stopped publishing from Surat. The supplement typically contains information about happenings around a certain city, contests, games and puzzles, comics, jokes, recipes, as well as coverage of international issues such as global warming and ill-treatment of animals, childrens problems like bullying and heavy homework, various facts and news, and childrens contributions such as poems, essays, articles on their life, letters to the editor, and drawings. SUPPLEMENTS OF DNA AFTER HRS DNA AFTER HRS is an entertainment newspaper which covers news about bollywood, page 3 parties and buzz in town. DNA PROPERTYDNA PROPERTY is a weekly supplement it gives inside information about real estate properties around the country. DNA SPORTS DNA SPORTS is a daily supplement which covers all sports news national as well as international. HISTORY OF HINDUSTAN TIMES Hindustan Times(HT) is an Indian English-language daily newspaper founded in 1924 with roots in theIndian independence act of the period (Hindustan being a historical name forIndia). It is the flagship publication ofHT Media Ltd. Hindustan Times is one of the largestnewspapers in India, by circulation. According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations, it has a circulation of 1. million copies as of 2010. The Indian Readership Survey (IRS) 2011 revealed that HThas a readership of (37. 37 lakhs), placing it as the second most widely read English newspaper in India afterThe Times of India. It has a wide reach in northernIndia, with simultaneous editions f rom New Delhi,Mumbai,Kolkata,Lucknow,Patna,Ranchi,Bhopal andChandigarh. The print location ofJaipurwas discontinued from June 2006. HTlaunched a youth daily,HT Next, in 2004. The Mumbai edition was launched on 14 July 2005 and the Kolkata edition was launched on early 2000.Other sister publications ofHindustan TimesareMint(English business daily),Hindustan(Hindi Daily),Nandan(monthly childrens magazine) andKadambani(monthly literary magazine). The media group owns a radio channel,Fever, and organizes an annual Luxury Conference which has featured speakers like designerDiane von Furstenberg, shoemakerChristian Louboutin,GucciCEO Robert Polet andCartierMD Patrick Normand. Hindustan Timesis owned by the KK Birla branch of the Birla family. Hindustan Timeswas founded in 1924 byMaster Sunder Singh Lyallpuri, founder-father of theAkali movementand theShiromani Akali DalinPunjab.S Mangal Singh Gill (Tesildar) and S. Chanchal Singh (Jandiala, Jalandhar) were made in charge of the newspaper. Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya andMaster Tara Singhwere among the members of the Managing Committee. The Managing Chairman and Chief Patron was Master Sunder Singh Lyallpuri. K. M. Panikkar was its first editor withDevdas Gandhi(son ofMahatma Gandhi) on the editors panel. The opening ceremony was performed by Mahatma Gandhi on 26 September 1924. The first issue was published from Naya Bazar,Delhi(now Swami Sharda Nand Marg). It contained writings and articles from C.F. Andrews, St. Nihal Singh, Maulana Mohammad Ali,C. R. Reddy(Dr. Cattamanchi Ramalinga Reddy), T. L. Vaswani, Ruchi Ram Sahni, Bernard Haton, Harinder Nath Chattopadhyaya, Dr Saifuddin Kichlu and Rubi Waston etc. Sadar Panikkar launched the Hindustan Times as a serious nationalist newspaper. As an Oxonian, historian, and litterateur, Panikkar must have hoped to make his paper eventually more than an Akali sheet. He became the editor and funds flowed freely from activist Akali patrons. He exerted himself strenuously, but t he paper made very little headway.In two years Panikkar could not take the print order any higher than 3,000. By then the Akali movement appeared to lose steam and funds dried up. The paper was saved from an untimely demise when Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya stepped in to realise his vision of a newspaper in Delhi. TJS George, Lessons in Journalism, 2007, Viva Books, New Delhi. Malaviya raised Rs. 50,000 rupees to acquire the Hindustan Times along with the help of nationalist leaders Lajpat Rai and M. R. Jayakar and industrialist G. D. Birla, who paid most of the cash. Birla took full control of the paper in 1933.The paper continues to be owned by the Birla family. It has its roots in theIndian independence movementof the first half of the twentieth century and even faced the noted Hindustan Times Contempt Case (AugustNovember, 1941) atAllahabad High Court. It was edited at times by many important people in India, includingDevdas GandhiandKhushwant Singh. Sanjoy Narayan, has been ap pointed the editor in chief of the paper and was due to take over in August 2008. Recently the editorial page has seen a major makeover and has been named comment to bring in more flexibility and some-what less seriousness to the page.HT MUMBAI EDITION HT Mumbaihas an eight-page daily lifestyle supplement (in tabloid format) calledHT Cafe. It has its education supplement called HT Education on Wednesdays. The paper also comes with a magazine on Sundays calledBrunch. The Mumbai edition is managed by Mohit Ahuja, an alumnus of NMIMS, Bombay. The resident editor in Mumbai isSoumya Bhattacharya. OWNERSHIP The Delhi-based English dailyHindustan Timesis part of the KK Birla group and managed byShobhana Bhartia, daughter of the industrialistKK Birlaand granddaughter ofGD Birla.It is owned byHT Media Ltd. The KK Birla group owns a 69 per cent stake in HT Media, currently valued at Rs 834 crore. When Shobhana Bhartia joinedHindustan Timesin 1986, she was the first woman chief executive of a national newspaper. Shobhana has been nominated as a Rajya Sabha MP from Congress Party. Along withHindustan Times,HT MediaownsDesi martini,Fever 104 FM, andMint (newspaper). HT SUPPLEMENTS HT BRUNCH An exclusive lifestyle magazine, every Sunday. The readers of HT wake up to Brunch every Sunday morning, which is one of best-loved offerings from its stable.In a magazine format and clearly about the good life, it covers stories around food, fashion, shopping, travel, health & wellness, books & movie reviews, celebrity talk, lifestyle etc. One of the biggest draws of Brunch is the sweet of columns by prominent journalists likeVir Sanghvi(food & travel), Sanjoy Narayan (music) andRajiv Makhni(technology). This universally appealing brand has the core target group vested in upwardly mobile young families, looking for enhancing their lifestyle quotient. HT CAFE The entertainment & lifestyle supplement, every day.The Hindustan Times reader wakes up to a bundle of fun, frolic, entertainmen t and masala everyday called HT City (in Delhi) and HT Cafe (in Mumbai). One of the strongest drivers of readership, the daily entertainment supplement enjoys almost universal salience and readership. The buzzy daily supplement has redefined lifestyle and entertainment space in newspapers, packing a punch with daily dose of Bollywood, Hollywood, Fashion, Relationship, City and Campus. The supplement offers an array of daily sections catering to different tastes health & wellness, gadgets, travel, motoring and food.One of the biggest draws of the supplement is the Weekend Planner on Fridays that the young people of Delhi & Mumbai refer to as a guide to living it up in the city. HT EDUCATION Education Supplement, every Wednesday (earlier known as HT Horizons). HT Education offers the much indispensable guidance and mentorship to the students, which really helps them in choosing the best in education leading to a great career. HT Education is a supplement dedicated to serving the nee ds of not only student community from 10th to post graduates, but also the parents who are concerned about their childs future.The supplement is a source of comprehensive info around career options, admission and scholarship information, college profiles, guidance and expert counseling. Its a one-stop guide to the students to prepare for their most fire phase in life. HT ESTATES Real Estate supplement, every Saturday. HT Estates as a supplement partners and corroborates the readers with information that helps them buy or sell their properties. This supplement comes with the newspaper every Saturday. The supplement offers countless options on property buying and selling.Along with that the supplement also enlightens both the buyers and sellers on legal aspects of realty transactions. Specifically for buyers the supplement offers array of information on realty trends, loan rates, etc. INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT Title of the Project PROFILE STUDY ON DNA/HTS EXCLUSIVE READERS. Object ives of the written report To understand the psyche & the profile of DNA and HTs exclusive subscribers Process * To prepare a list of DNA and HTs exclusive subscribers (zone wise) * Conduct a survey of 200 readers to understand profile / reading habits / demography / preference. To understand the 5 ps of DNA/HT subscription schemes. * Compilation and evaluation of the subscribers insights and psyche Research Methodology * Data collection method Survey * Data Collection Primary data collection * Data collection puppet Questionnaire * Target group Exclusive DNA/HT Subscribers * Sample size 200 Areas covered Mumbai- Urban, suburban, Navi- Mumbai & Thane District. QUESTIONAIREName-_______________________________ Age_______ Occupation -__________________________ Contact no________________ Area___________ Family size____ electronic mail ID_______________________ Income Group 1lakh 1-2 lakh 2-3 lakh 1year 1-2years 2-3years