Impact on the Environment of Electrical and Electronics Products Essay

repair on the Environment of Electrical and electronics Products IntroductionElectrical and Electronics products be now commonly found all around the world and the number is on the rise. The fall of such products that is be prone is also on the rise. thither is a concern on the environmental effect by such products that is being disposed as well as when it is being manufacturer. This is because most of these products block off either harmful substance or non bio-degradable materials which cause an impact on the environment.For these reasons, regulations and directives are being stripe up to safe guard and prevent much harm from being done to the environment.This report would be discussing on the harmful effects by traditional manufacturing and some of the regulatory and directive being set up around the world. Also, responses from the electronics industry with regards to the directives and regulations would be discussed.1     Traditional manufacturing of e lectronic equipments1.1     The use of conjoining leadSolder comprised of tin and lead is currently a fundamental material joining electronic components to circuit boards in the assembly of almost all type of electronic product. Worldwide, over 20 million pounds of tin-lead solder are use annually. 11.2     The manufacturing of PCBsIn the process of making PCBs using the "subtractive" process, the circuit pose is created by chemically graveing bruiser from the unprotected (non-circuit) areas of the copper-coated panel, going circuit traces protected with photoresist.Etching can be accomplished with acids or bases, depending on the etch rate and the line width required. The most commonly used etchant is an aqueous solution of ferric chloride (FeCl3), used at temperatures over 50 C. FeCl3 is acidic, relatively cheap, comparatively innocuous and versatile, attacking aluminium, copper, iron, nickel and their alloys. However, the spen t etchant and its rinse weewee contain heavy metal ions such as nickel and chromium which are angry to the environment and most difficult to render harmless.Approximately 60% of the copper on the board is removed in the typical etching process. As the copper content of the etchant increases, the etchant cannot effectively remove the copper from the board, and it is consi... ...le. This also trim the assembly time and lowered the production cost 1718References1 http//www.epa.gov2 http//www.lsc.cc.mn.us/lib/classes/emuseum/disposal/disposal.html3 http//www.nsc.org/library/facts/lead.htm4 http//www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/chromium.html5 http//www.pp.okstate.edu/ehs/training/mercury.htm6http//home.datacomm.ch/raabe/e_ee_1.pdf wait=DIRECTIVE%20OF%20THE%20EUROPEAN%20PARLIAMENT%20AND%20OF%20THE%20COUNCIL7 http//www.entecuk.com/client/ec/fr_appendixa.html18 http//www.dti.gov.uk/sustainability/weee/9 http//www.epa.sa.gov.au/pdfs/weee.pdf10 http//www.dti.gov.uk/sustainability/pdfs/finalroh s.pdf11 http//www.2001elec.co.uk/RoHS/index.htm12 http//www.epa.gov/dfe/pubs/solder/solderfact.pdf13 http//www.eia.org/new_policy/environment.phtm14 http//www.iaer.org/communications/NL0200.html15 http//www.svtc.org/cleancc/pubs/spheres_ehp.htm16 http//techrepublic.com.com/5100-6265-1058179.html17 Electronic Product Recovery and Recycling Conference Summary Report, Environmental Health Center, 199818 Gertsakis, Ryan & Hoy, 1996http//www.rsc.orgOn RohsReferences for my part. Impact on the Environment of Electrical and Electronics Products Essay Impact on the Environment of Electrical and Electronics Products IntroductionElectrical and Electronics products are now commonly found all around the world and the number is on the rise. The amount of such products that is being disposed is also on the rise. There is a concern on the environmental effect by such products that is being disposed as well as when it is being manufacturer. This is because most of these products c ontain either harmful substance or non bio-degradable materials which cause an impact on the environment.For these reasons, regulations and directives are being set up to safe guard and prevent more harm from being done to the environment.This report would be discussing on the harmful effects by traditional manufacturing and some of the regulatory and directive being set up around the world. Also, responses from the electronics industry with regards to the directives and regulations would be discussed.1     Traditional manufacturing of electronic equipments1.1     The use of join leadSolder comprised of tin and lead is currently a fundamental material joining electronic components to circuit boards in the assembly of almost every type of electronic product. Worldwide, over 20 million pounds of tin-lead solder are used annually. 11.2     The manufacturing of PCBsIn the process of making PCBs using the "subtractive" process, the circuit pattern is created by chemically etching copper from the unprotected (non-circuit) areas of the copper-coated panel, leaving circuit traces protected with photoresist.Etching can be accomplished with acids or bases, depending on the etch rate and the line width required. The most commonly used etchant is an aqueous solution of ferric chloride (FeCl3), used at temperatures over 50 C. FeCl3 is acidic, relatively cheap, comparatively innocuous and versatile, attacking aluminium, copper, iron, nickel and their alloys. However, the spent etchant and its rinse water contain heavy metal ions such as nickel and chromium which are hazardous to the environment and most difficult to render harmless.Approximately 60% of the copper on the board is removed in the typical etching process. As the copper content of the etchant increases, the etchant cannot effectively remove the copper from the board, and it is consi... ...le. This also reduced the assembly time and lowered the production cost 1718References1 http//www.epa.gov2 http//www.lsc.cc.mn.us/lib/classes/emuseum/disposal/disposal.html3 http//www.nsc.org/library/facts/lead.htm4 http//www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/chromium.html5 http//www.pp.okstate.edu/ehs/training/mercury.htm6http//home.datacomm.ch/raabe/e_ee_1.pdfsearch=DIRECTIVE%20OF%20THE%20EUROPEAN%20PARLIAMENT%20AND%20OF%20THE%20COUNCIL7 http//www.entecuk.com/client/ec/fr_appendixa.html18 http//www.dti.gov.uk/sustainability/weee/9 http//www.epa.sa.gov.au/pdfs/weee.pdf10 http//www.dti.gov.uk/sustainability/pdfs/finalrohs.pdf11 http//www.2001elec.co.uk/RoHS/index.htm12 http//www.epa.gov/dfe/pubs/solder/solderfact.pdf13 http//www.eia.org/new_policy/environment.phtm14 http//www.iaer.org/communications/NL0200.html15 http//www.svtc.org/cleancc/pubs/spheres_ehp.htm16 http//techrepublic.com.com/5100-6265-1058179.html17 Electronic Product Recovery and Recycling Conference Summary Report, Environmental Health Center, 199818 Gertsakis, Ryan & Hoy, 1996h ttp//www.rsc.orgOn RohsReferences for my part.